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About Electronics

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Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science of electronics and its applications. It publishes reviews, research articles, short communications and letters. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the maximum length of the papers. Full experimental and/or methodical details must be provided.

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electronics期刊怎么样 - 知乎

electronics期刊怎么样 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册electronics期刊怎么样瑞欣文化已认证账号　　Electronics 是关于电子科学及其应用的国际同行评审开放获取期刊，由 MDPI 每半月在线出版一次。波兰应用电磁学会 (PTZE)隶属于电子学会。那electronics期刊怎么样?下面给大家从多个角度给大家分析：electronics期刊怎么样　　1、从影响因子和分区上来看　　《electronics》2022的影响因子是2.690，属工程技术——计算机：信息系统3区(中科院分区)，学术价值还是很不错的，用来评职或单位考核，亦或是出国留学、考研、升博都是可以的，整体认可度比较高，未出身在sci数据库预警期刊之列。　　2、从期刊审稿周期上来看　　手稿经过同行评审，并在提交后约 14.4 天向作者提供第一个决定;接受出版需要 3.3 天，可见稿件处理速度还是可以的，但是具体论文审稿周期还是看论文水平。　　整体来看《electronics》还是值电子专业人士投稿的期刊。下面给大家简单分享几点《electronics》期刊的投稿要求：　　1、electronics对稿件长度没有限制，只要文字简洁全面即可。文章的推荐长度超过 14 个期刊页;评论推荐长度为20页以上;通讯长度超过8个期刊页面。　　2、提供完整的实验细节，以便可以重现结果。　　3、发布所有实验控制并在可能的情况下提供完整的数据集　　4、鼓励作者使用Microsoft Word 模板或LaTeX 模板来准备他们的手稿。使用模板文件将大大缩短完成已接受手稿的复制编辑和出版时间。所有文件的数据总量不得超过 120 MB。　　5、手稿准备包括：标题、作者列表、隶属关系、摘要(最多应为 200 字左右)、关键词、介绍、材料和方法、结果、讨论、结论(可选)、补充材料、致谢、作者贡献、利益冲突、参考文献。　　6、作者简介：最多 150 字其中要涉及：作者合名及当前职位、教育背景(机构信息、毕业年份、学位类型、级别)、工作经验、兴趣、专业协会的会员资格和获得的奖项。SCOPUS/EI/SCI/ISTP/CPCI/SSCI期刊推荐、论文咨询等高端学术服务欢迎关注私信我发布于 2023-01-09 14:23・IP 属地河北核心期刊期刊SCI期刊赞同 38 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请

JCR 2区，一审周期15.8天！电子领域优质期刊——Electronics - 知乎

JCR 2区，一审周期15.8天！电子领域优质期刊——Electronics - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册JCR 2区，一审周期15.8天！电子领域优质期刊——Electronics李肉馅自由职业加 A20155978376月28日，科睿唯安发布了2022年的《期刊引证报告》(Journal Citation Reports™，简称JCR)，Electronics 期刊收获了2022年度最新影响因子 (Impact Factor)：2.9，且近三年来期刊影响因子保持稳定增长。此外，期刊 Citescore (Scopus) 也由3.7 (2021年) 上涨至4.7。JCR 分区排名为电子电气工程2区，应用物理2区。在此，Electronics 期刊衷心感谢期刊主编、编委、客座编辑、审稿专家、作者以及读者们的积极贡献与支持！1期刊简介Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292) 是致力于快速发表与广泛电子领域相关的最新技术突破以及前沿进展的国际型开放获取期刊。目前，期刊已被 Scopus、SCIE (Web of Science)、CAPlus / SciFinder、Inspec 等数据库收录。文章一审周期15.8天，从接收到发表仅2.7天（据2023年上半年统计数据）。期刊主编Prof. Dr. Flavio Canavero 都灵理工大学电子与电信系1986年在乔治亚理工学院获得博士学位。研究领域为电路和系统理论，专注信号完整性和电磁兼容设计问题。迄今为止，已撰写或合作撰写300余篇论文，发表于国际期刊和会议论文集上。曾获得包括 EMC 协会最高技术奖——Richard R. Stoddard 杰出表现奖和 EMC 协会荣誉会员奖在内的多个奖项。Prof. Dr. KC Santosh 美国南达科他州大学在法国南西研究中心获得计算机科学-人工智能博士学位，并在人工智能、机器学习、模式识别、计算机视觉、图像处理、数据挖掘和大数据等多个应用领域展示了专业知识。研究项目获得了SDCRGP，教育部 (DOE)，国家科学基金会 (NSF) 和亚洲航空航天研究与发展办公室等多个机构资助。Santosh 教授同时还是卡特勒卓越教学与研究奖、总统卓越研究奖和美国卫生与人类服务部的 Ignite Awards 的获得者。2精彩回顾2023年上半年精选文章1. Solid State Transformers: A Critical Review of Projects with Relevant Prototypes and Demonstrators固态变压器：对相关原型和示范项目的回顾David Cervero et al.https://www.mdpi.com/2133238文章亮点：(1) 能源转型改变了电网的结构，传统的电力变压器已经无法满足新的功能要求，固态变压器被认为是主要的解决方案。基于此，本文回顾了面向相关应用的固态变压器。(2) 固态变压器的主要功能和潜在应用包括：智能电网 (SGs)、数据中心、铁路、海上风电场等，对主要开发的固态变压器原型进行了分析，特别关注相关项目、演示，利益相关者和额定值，例如电压，开关频率和功率。(3) 最后分析了在电网中实施固态变压器技术的未来趋势和挑战。Cervero, D.; Fotopoulou, M.; Muñoz-Cruzado, J.; Rakopoulos, D.; Stergiopoulos, F.; Nikolopoulos, N.; Voutetakis, S.; Sanz, J.F. Solid State Transformers: A Critical Review of Projects with Relevant Prototypes and Demonstrators. Electronics 2023, 12, 931. 2. Human-Computer Interaction System: A Survey of Talking-Head Generation人机交互系统：说话头进展Rui Zhen et al.https://www.mdpi.com/2045094文章亮点：(1) 由于人工智能的快速发展，虚拟人被广泛应用于各个行业，可大大增强人机交互的用户体验。因此，该研究设计了人机交互系统框架，包括语音识别、文本到语音、对话系统和虚拟人生成。(2) 利用虚拟人深度生成框架对说话头视频生成模型进行分类，并系统回顾了过去五年谈话视频生成的技术进步和趋势，突出了关键作品并总结了数据集。(3) 本文主要回顾了说话头视频模型这一领域所做的研究，以进一步提高技术进步和提高人们的生活质量。识别二维码阅读英文原文Zhen, R.; Song, W.; He, Q.; Cao, J.; Shi, L.; Luo, J. Human-Computer Interaction System: A Survey of Talking-Head Generation. Electronics 2023, 12, 218.3. Applications of Microwaves in Medicine Leveraging Artificial Intelligence: Future Perspectives微波在人工智能医学中的应用：未来展望Keerthy Gopalakrishnan et al.https://www.mdpi.com/2156254文章亮点：(1) 微波在医学上的应用作为新兴领域，越来越受到人们的关注，在医疗保健研究和发展中具有重要的趋势。(2) 本文概述了微波在医学中应用的几个领域的最新发展，即微波成像、组织分类的介电光谱、分子诊断、遥测、生物危害废物管理、诊断病理学、生物医学传感器设计、药物输送、消融治疗和放射测量。(3) 本文还概述了目前关于微波在医疗行业中的应用和趋势的文献，以及它如何为创建基于人工智能的微波解决方案搭建平台，以促进临床和技术方面的未来进步，以增强患者护理。识别二维码阅读英文原文Gopalakrishnan, K.; Adhikari, A.; Pallipamu, N.; Singh, M.; Nusrat, T.; Gaddam, S.; Samaddar, P.; Rajagopal, A.; Cherukuri, A.S.S.; Yadav, A.; et al. Applications of Microwaves in Medicine Leveraging Artificial Intelligence: Future Perspectives. Electronics 2023, 12, 1101.2023年上半年精选书籍扫描二维码免费阅读本书扫描二维码免费阅读本书 2023年上半年精选特刊1. Advancements in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Techniques for Electronic SystemsEdited by Georgios Fotis and Vasiliki VitaSubmission deadline: 30 November 2023 长按识别二维码或复制下方链接至浏览器，了解特刊更多信息。https://www.mdpi.com/si/1377742. Security and Privacy Evaluation of Machine Learning in Networks Edited by Xianmin Wang, Jing Li, Di Wu and Mingliang ZhouSubmission deadline: 15 December 2023长按识别二维码或复制下方链接至浏览器，了解特刊更多信息。https://www.mdpi.com/si/1670753. Upgrading the Future Power Grid: Current Research, Trends and Challenges in Distributed Energy Resources and Mobility Ecosystems Edited by Noelia Uribe Pérez and Pablo ArboleyaSubmission deadline: 15 January 2024长按识别二维码或复制下方链接至浏览器，了解特刊更多信息。https://www.mdpi.com/si/1738803期刊活动2023年上半年期刊会议Electronics期刊参加西班牙第十二届凝聚态物理会议(GEFES 2023)。Electronics 期刊参加中国成都IEEE第六届电子技术国际会议(ICET 2023)。 Electronics期刊参加日本固体传感器，执行器和微系统国际会议 (Transducers 2023)。Electronics 期刊参加哥伦比亚可持续智慧城市和地区国际会议(SSCt 2023)。Electronics 期刊举办电力电子和工业电子的新见解线上研讨会。2023上半年期刊编委系列拜访Electronics 期刊与期刊主编拜访及采访。 Electronics 期刊与 "Computer Science & Engineering" 栏目主编拜访及采访。 Electronics 期刊与 "Artificial Intelligence" 栏目主编拜访及采访。 2023年期刊奖项获奖者及待申请奖项Electronics 2022 Best PhD Thesis Award 获奖者：Dr. Gabriele Patrizi, University of FlorenceElectronics 2023 Best Paper Award 获奖者：Dr. Jianlong Zhou, University of Technology SydneyProf. Dr. Amir H. Gandomi, University of Technology SydneyDr. Jie Zhang, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDr. Reza Akhavian, San Diego State UniversityElectronics 2023 Travel Award获奖者：Dr. Jia-Hao Syu, National Taiwan UniversityDr. Stefano Bonado, University of Padova为了答谢电子领域学者们的大力支持，鼓励更多学者在电子领域开展创新性研究，促进电子领域科研水平的进一步提升，Electronics 期刊特设立2023青年学者奖、2023最佳博士论文奖和2024最佳文章奖。所有申请/提名都将由 Electronics 编委会的资深学者组成的评审委员会进行评估，欢迎各位学者踊跃参与。4作者指南如您对投稿有任何疑问，欢迎阅读作者指南，或联系 Electronics 期刊编辑部：electronics@mdpi.com精选视频MDPI开放科学，赞136往期回顾改进重复控制在并网逆变器中的应用 | MDPI Electronics版权声明：本文内容由MDPI中国办公室编辑负责撰写，一切内容请以英文原版为准。如需转载，请于公众号后台留言咨询。备注：本文来自公众号“MDPI工程科学”，凡本公众号转载、引用的文章、图片、音频、视频文件等资料的版权归版权所有人所有，如因此产生相关后果，将由版权所有人、原始发布者和内容提供者承担，如有侵权请尽快联系删除。发布于 2023-08-14 09:22・IP 属地河北JCR分区学术期刊期刊赞同添加评论分享喜欢收藏申请

审稿速度快、刊文量大的电子电气领域国人友刊Electronics Letters，不容错过！ - 知乎

审稿速度快、刊文量大的电子电气领域国人友刊Electronics Letters，不容错过！ - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册审稿速度快、刊文量大的电子电气领域国人友刊Electronics Letters，不容错过！国际科学编辑电子电气领域越来越受到科研小伙伴们的研究青睐，这里有没有可供选择的优秀的期刊呢？安排，今天就为各位电子电气方向研究的科研小伙伴介绍IET旗下一本涵盖所有电子和电气工程相关领域内容、审稿速度快、刊文量大的期刊—Electronics Letters。期刊信息Electronics Letters（E-ISSN：1350-911X）是本由英国工程技术学会（IET）于1965年创办的半月刊，现由Wiley出版。期刊主编为来自英国伦敦帝国理工学院的Chris Toumazou教授和英国巴斯大学的Ian White教授。期刊主页：https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/1350911x投稿链接：https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/theiet-elJCR 4区：中科院4区：Electronics Letters位于工程技术大类4区，工程：电子与电气小类4区。发文类型：期刊发表的文章类型以Article（研究文章）为主，还有少部分Editorial（社论）和其他类型的文章。以2020年数据为例，2020年发文量601篇，其中565篇为Article（约占总发文量的94%），32篇为Editorial，4篇为其他类型。收录情况：Electronics Letters目前已被CAS、SCIE、Ei Compendex、DOAJ、IET Inspec和Scopus收录。期刊主编Chris Toumazou 英国帝国理工学院Chris Toumazou教授是帝国理工学院的工程学钦定讲座教授、生物医学电路设计主席、生物灵感技术中心主任、生物医学工程研究所创始人和首席科学家。他因在医疗诊断和治疗领域的创新硅技术和电子器件集成电路设计而闻名，他的研究重点包括人工耳蜗植入、I型糖尿病患者的人工胰腺和基于半导体的DNA测序Ian White 英国巴斯大学Ian White教授现任剑桥大学Jesus学院院长、剑桥大学副校长、工程学院van Eck教授、光子研究小组负责人，英国皇家工程院院士。他在光电子和光通信领域开展了大量的研究工作。收稿范围和文章关键词Electronics Letters是一本国际知名的同行评审快速通讯期刊，每半月出版一期，刊发简短的原创文章。Electronics Letters广泛收录跨学科内容，涵盖所有电子和电气工程相关领域的最新发展。每期还提供对最近研究的深度见解，以及对作者、编委员和/或客座作者的采访。期刊的主要主题包括但不仅限于：天线与传播，生物医学、受生物启发的技术、信号处理和应用，控制工程，电磁学，电子电路与系统，图像、视频和视觉处理及应用，信息、计算与通讯，仪表和测量，微波技术，微纳米技术，光学通信，光学与光电，电力电子、能源与可持续性，雷达、声纳及导航，半导体技术，信号处理，无线通信。2020年文章关键词刊文量我们对 Electronics Letters的刊文量（只记录原创文章）进行统计，2016（1050），2017（814），2018（682），2019（588），2020（565）。虽然该刊的2020年年刊文量有所下降，但仍超过500+，达到565篇。截止发文，2021年已刊发237篇（含Early Access）。稳定的刊发量对其保持稳定的影响因子有着重要的意义，这也展现出Electronics Letters作为本领域一本经典期刊，值得入手。作者分布我们通过Web of Science对2020年在Electronics Letters发文作者所在的国家和地区进行统计，国人学者的科研论文收录量位列第一，共255篇，占比约42.42%，可见本刊对国人学者还是很友好的。2020年前十的作者国家与地区及发文量对2020年在 Electronics Letters上发文的科研机构进行统计，前三甲为印度理工学院（26篇）、电子科技大学（22篇）、东南大学（20篇）。2020年前十的作者科研机构及发文量读者分布截至发文，Electronics Letters在2021年的文章下载量超过29.5万次，读者群分布广泛，来自196个国家和地区，下载全文数量前五名的国家和地区分别为中国、美国、印度、韩国和德国。下载全文量前10的国家和地区及下载量占比影响因子我们通过查询Web of Science， Electronics Letters近5年影响因子一直保持着相对稳定的趋势，2020年最新影响因子为1.314，继续维持着稳定的成绩。认知度我们通过Web of Science对从Electronics Letters期刊上发表文章的被其他期刊引用情况来看，其中以3-4分期刊居多数， Electronics Letters认可度还是得到充分肯定的。这对大多数需要发文的小伙伴来说，本刊还是很值得被关注。稿件接受率2020年，Electronics Letters的接受率为28%左右。审稿速度从2021年的数据来看，从收到稿件到第一个决定的中位数时间为25天，从收到稿件到接受的中位数时间为48天。我们以三篇以发表的文章为例，来感受一下Electronics Letters的审稿速度。第一篇文章，“Mode recognition and coordinated magnetisation control method for variable flux memory machine”，于2021年2月13日投稿，2021年4月8日接受，从投稿到接受，用时不到2个月。DOI: 10.1049/ell2.12194第二篇文章，“Improved hybrid scheduling design of partitioned processing and network communication in distributed integrated modular avionics systems”，于2021年3月4号投稿，2021年4月9号接受，用时约1个月。DOI: 10.1049/ell2.12197第三篇文章，“Non-linear optical limiting technology based on backward stimulated Brillouin scattering in grade-index optical fibres”，于2021年3月20号投稿，2021年4月11号接受，用时仅约22天。DOI: 10.1049/ell2.12204总体的来看， Electronics Letters作为一本领域内的经典杂志，审稿速度是比较快的。文章出版费（APC）Electronics Letters是一本金色开放获取期刊，文章出版费（APC）为 2200美元，折合人民币约14300元。总的来说，创刊于1965年，Electronics Letters算是电子与电气领域的经典学术期刊。目前，本刊发文量高，审稿速度快，认可程度比较高，国人学者的论文被收录比较高，对国人友好，有电子和电气方向的文章，不妨一试。发布于 2021-08-26 10:04光电子生物医学工程科研赞同 1011 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请

electronics是什么意思_electronics的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典

tronics是什么意思_electronics的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_爱词霸在线词典首页翻译背单词写作校对词霸下载用户反馈专栏平台登录electronics是什么意思_electronics用英语怎么说_electronics的翻译_electronics翻译成_electronics的中文意思_electronics怎么读,electronics的读音,electronics的用法,electronics的例句翻译人工翻译试试人工翻译翻译全文简明柯林斯牛津electronicsCET4/CET6/IELTS英 [ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪks]美 [ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪks]释义n.电子学; 电子设备点击人工翻译，了解更多人工释义词态变化复数: electronicses;实用场景例句全部电子学电子器件电子工业a fault in the electronics电子电路故障牛津词典the electronics industry电子工业牛津词典...Europe's three main electronics companies.欧洲三大电子公司柯林斯高阶英语词典All the electronics are housed in a waterproof box.所有电子设备都储放在一个防水盒中。柯林斯高阶英语词典...cheaper, better consumer electronics.更廉价、更优质的消费型电子技术产品柯林斯高阶英语词典The symptoms are seemingly random stoppages in production and premature failures in the electronics.表面上看来,这些症状可以是生产过程的随机停止,和电子元件的过早故障.期刊摘选Technical knowledge and skills for SMT and bench - top manufacturing in electronics industry.熟悉电子行业技术知识、SMT技能和台式制造业.期刊摘选Now it wants to follow consumerssintosother areas of electronics as well.现在,戴尔要跟随客户进入电子产品的其它领域.期刊摘选PDF is electronics document format developed by Adobe Company.pdf是Adobe公司开发的电子文件格式.期刊摘选Power semiconductor devices and electronic capacitors are the core of the power electronics technology.电力半导体器件及电子电容器件是电力电子技术的集中体现.期刊摘选Military electronics has registered significant progress, strengthening considerably the capacity to form complete sets of installations.军工电子取得重大发展, 为军事装备配套的能力大大增强.期刊摘选The new lunar lander will be similarly improved, with updated electronics and materials.新的月球着陆器将被同样地加以改进, 使用最新的电子仪器设备和原料.期刊摘选Wang Meida Electronics factory is a professional dedicated to the production of power semiconductor devices.旺美达电子厂是一家专业致力于电力半导体器件生产.期刊摘选Almost 80 % of the discarded electronics come from overseas, including the United States.近80%的废弃电子产品来自海外, 包括美国.期刊摘选Our specialists are electronic engineers who were trained in Surrey , UK specialising only in electronics.我们的工程师是在英国萨里严格的通过培训.期刊摘选Today, it has become the world's largest consumer electronics industrial center, 800 million people work here.如今, 它已成为世界最大的消费电子产品工业中心, 800万人在这里工作.期刊摘选About 45 000 people worked in electronics in Scotland.苏格兰约有4.5万人在电子行业工作.《简明英汉词典》He wants to brush up his knowledge of electronics.他想温习他的电子学知识.《简明英汉词典》a fault in the electronics电子电路故障《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》Computers and electronics are growth industries and need skilled technicians.计算机与电子行业属于蓬勃发展的产业，需要娴熟的技术人员。柯林斯例句Many graduates are employed in the electronics and computing industries.很多毕业生就职于电子和计算机行业。柯林斯例句The strength of national electronics industries has become the new test of industrial virility.国家电子工业的实力成了检验工业活力的新标准。柯林斯例句I'm into electronics myself.我本身对电子很感兴趣。柯林斯例句America wants to eliminate tariffs on items such as electronics.美国打算取消电子产品等的关税。柯林斯例句My dad influenced me to do electronics.我学电子是受爸爸的影响。柯林斯例句The Philips deal also gives Sparc a foot in the door of a new market — consumer electronics.与飞利浦公司的交易也使斯巴克得以进入一个新市场——消费类电子产品。柯林斯例句Racal Electronics shares have been in a strong uptrend.瑞卡尔电子公司的股票涨势明显。柯林斯例句The nation's electronics industry made important strides this year to even up its balance of trade.该国的电子产业今年取得了重大进步，平衡了贸易差额。柯林斯例句In the field of consumer electronics, Philips is determined to remain a world leader.飞利浦决心保持其在消费类电子产品领域的世界领先地位。柯林斯例句收起实用场景例句真题例句全部四级六级a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that we compete against market transitions ( ' , 过渡), not competitors.出自-2017年6月阅读原文And that is what put Mr Jobs on the right side of history, as technological innovation （创新）has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade.出自-2012年12月阅读原文John Chambers, chairman of cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that "we compete against market transitions, not competitors."2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section BThis year's electronics show featured the presence of many officials from the federal government.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The Consumer Technology Association is the sponsor of the annual Consumer Electronics Show.出自-2016年12月阅读原文The Consumer Electronics Show in recent years has begun to focus more on the practical value than the showiness of electronic devices.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Scan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show ( ' , CES), and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before.出自-2016年12月阅读原文Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section BScan the highlights of this year's Consumer Electronics Show CES, and you may get a slight feeling of having seen them before.2016年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section BSome retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs.2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B收起真题例句英英释义Noun1. the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices收起英英释义词根词缀后缀: -ics表名词,"学科,学术"n.aeronautics 航空学,航空术aeronaut航空家+ics学科,学术→n.航空学,航空术athletics 运动,体育athlet运动+ics学科,学术→n.运动,体育didactics 教学法didact教育者+ics学科,学术→n.教学法dietetics 饮食学,营养学diet饮食+et+ics学科,学术→n.饮食学,营养学economics 经济学,经济情况economy经济+ics学科,学术→economics经济学electronics 电子学electron电子+ics学科,学术→n.电子学genetics 遗传学genet=gene基因+ics学科,学术→n.遗传学homiletics 讲道术,说教术homily说教+et+ics学科,学术→homiletics讲道术,说教术linguistics 语言学linguist语言学家+ics学科,学术→n.语言学logistics 后勤学log说+ist+ics学科,学术→在后面说,安排事务→后勤mathematics 数学mathemat数学+ics学科,学术→n.数学mechanics 力学;技术性细节mechan=mechane+ics学科,学术→n.力学;技术性细节pediatrics 小儿科pedi儿童+atr+ics学科,学术→n.小儿科行业词典医学电子学：论述通过气体、固体或真空导电的科学物理学电子学电子学电子学释义词态变化实用场景例句真题例句英英释义词根词缀行

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Journals

Electronics

Predicting Loneliness through Digital Footprints on Google and YouTube

Influence of the Cast Iron Frame on the Distribution of the Magnetic Field in the Stator Yoke and Additional Power Losses in the Induction Motor

Innovative Method for Reliability Assessment of Power Systems: From Components Modeling to Key Indicators Evaluation

A Basic Design Tool for Grid-Connected AC–DC Converters Using Silcon Carbide MOSFETs

Tiny Machine Learning Zoo for Long-Term Compensation of Pressure Sensor Drifts

Journal Description

Electronics

is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the science of electronics and its applications published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetics (PTZE) is affiliated with Electronics and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.

High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.

Journal Rank: JCR - Q2(Electrical and Electronic Engineering) CiteScore - Q2 (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first

decision is provided to authors approximately 15.6 days after submission; acceptance

to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in

this journal in the second half of 2023).

Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.

Companion journals for Electronics include: Magnetism, Signals, Network and Software.

Impact Factor:

2.9 (2022);

5-Year Impact Factor:

2.9 (2022)

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Open Access

ISSN: 2079-9292

Latest Articles

21 pages, 2553 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Assessing the Reliability of Machine Learning Models Applied to the Mental Health Domain Using Explainable AI

Vishnu Pendyala and Hyungkyun Kim

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061025 (registering DOI) - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Machine learning is increasingly and ubiquitously being used in the medical domain. Evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall may indicate the performance of the models but not necessarily the reliability of their outcomes. This paper assesses the effectiveness of a number of machine learning algorithms applied to an important dataset in the medical domain, specifically, mental health, by employing explainability methodologies. Using multiple machine learning algorithms and model explainability techniques, this work provides insights into the models’ workings to help determine the reliability of the machine learning algorithm predictions. The results are not intuitive. It was found that the models were focusing significantly on less relevant features and, at times, unsound ranking of the features to make the predictions. This paper therefore argues that it is important for research in applied machine learning to provide insights into the explainability of models in addition to other performance metrics like accuracy. This is particularly important for applications in critical domains such as healthcare.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Biomedical Applications)

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19 pages, 1330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multisource Sparse Inversion Localization with Long-Distance Mobile Sensors

Jinyang Ren, Peihan Qi, Chenxi Li, Panpan Zhu and Zan Li

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1024; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061024 (registering DOI) - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

To address the threat posed by unknown signal sources within Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) systems to system stability and to realize effective localization of unknown sources in long-distance scenarios, this paper proposes a unilateral branch ratio decision algorithm (UBRD). This approach addresses the inadequacies of traditional sparse localization algorithms in long-distance positioning by introducing a time–frequency domain composite block sparse localization model. Given the complexity of localizing unknown sources, a unilateral branch ratio decision scheme is devised. This scheme derives decision thresholds through the statistical characteristics of branch residual ratios, enabling adaptive control over iterative processes and facilitating multisource localization under conditions of remote blind sparsity. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model and algorithm, compared to classic sparse localization schemes, are more suitable for long-distance localization scenarios, demonstrating robust performance in complex situations like blind sparsity, thereby offering broader scenario adaptability.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Privacy and Cybersecurity in Mobile Crowdsensing)

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28 pages, 4159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Reality: Exploring User Experiences in the Metaverse Art Exhibition Platform from an Integrated Perspective

Junping Xu, Sixuan Liu, Wei Yang, Meichen Fang and Younghwan Pan

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061023 (registering DOI) - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

With the rise of the metaverse, digital transformation is profoundly affecting the field of art exhibitions. Museums and galleries are actively adopting metaverse technologies to present artworks through virtual platforms, providing audiences with novel opportunities for immersive engagement and art experiences and shaping high-quality user experiences. However, the factors influencing user engagement in the metaverse art exhibition platform (MeAEP) remain unclear in the current research. This research combines the information systems success model (ISSM) and the hedonic motivation system adoption model (HMSAM) to construct a theoretical model that provides insights into the factors influencing MeAEP users’ intention to engage and their immersion behavior, with a focus on the sustainability of the art exhibition. We quantitatively analyzed 370 users that experienced MeAEP and analyzed the data and measurement model using SPSS 27 and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that information quality (IQ), system quality (SQ), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) significantly and positively influenced perceived usefulness (PU), curiosity (CUR), joy (JOY), and control (CON). PU, JOY, and CON have a positive and significant effect on Immersion (IM). Finally, PU, CUR, JOY, and CON had a positive effect on behavioral intention (BI). In conclusion, only one of the twenty hypotheses was not supported. The research findings not only enrich the academic and managerial theories related to the metaverse and art exhibition platforms, but also provide practical insights for administrators, developers, and MeAEP designers to create higher-quality and more immersive art content, as well as provide constructive ideas for the sustainability of art exhibitions to further enhance user experience.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)

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19 pages, 17607 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ComPipe: A Novel Flow Placement and Measurement Algorithm for Programmable Composite Pipelines

Dengyu Ran, Xiao Chen and Lei Song

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061022 (registering DOI) - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Programmable networks comprise heterogeneous network devices based on both hardware and software. Hardware devices provide superior bandwidth and low latency but encounter challenges in managing large table entries. Conversely, software devices offer abundant flow tables but have a limited forwarding capacity. To overcome this limitation, some commercial switches offer implementations that combine both hardware and software devices. In this context, this paper presents the Composite Pipeline (ComPipe), an algorithm for high-performance and high-precision flow placement and measurement. ComPipe utilizes a multi-level hashing algorithm for the real-time identification of heavy hitters, incorporates a unique flow eviction strategy, and is implemented on commercial programmable hardware. For non-heavy flows, ComPipe employs sketch structures to accomplish a high-performance flow synopsis within limited memory constraints. This design allows to replace flow rules entirely in the data plane, ensuring the timely detection and offloading of heavy-hitter flows, and offering a unified interface to the controller. The ComPipe prototype has been implemented in both testbed and simulation environments. The results indicate that ComPipe is an effective solution for dynamic flow placement in programmable networks, distinguished by its low cost, high performance, and high accuracy.

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(This article belongs to the Section Networks)

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11 pages, 3252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wake-Up and Imprint Effects in Hafnium Oxide-Based Ferroelectric Capacitors during Cycling with Different Interval Times

Yaru Ding, Zeping Weng, Zhangsheng Lan, Chu Yan, Daolin Cai, Yiming Qu and Yi Zhao

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061021 (registering DOI) - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

This work experimentally investigated the wake-up behaviors of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectric capacitors by manipulating the interval time between each characterization cycle. Both Positive-Up–Negative-Down (PUND) and Negative-Down–Positive-Up (NDPU) waveforms were used as the stress and measurement waveforms in the experiments. It was found that the imprint occurs as the total interval time increases to a several-seconds level. However, this only affects the remnant polarization (PR) of ferroelectric capacitors when stressed by NDPU waveforms, since the voltage amplitude saturates under the PUND stress conditions and does not influence the PR. The wake-up behavior has been proved to be caused by the defects redistribution during electrical cycling. Notably, when using PUND waveforms, the change in the interval time can result in different increase rates of PR, indicating the possibility of recovery during the intervals. This recovery leads to a slower wake-up when cycling with a longer interval time. Moreover, it is observed that this PR recovery could reach saturation after several seconds of the interval time. This comprehensive investigation of wake-up and imprint behaviors can provide new insights to evaluate and enhance the reliability of ferroelectric memories.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced CMOS Devices and Applications, 2nd Edition)

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11 pages, 3409 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Confined Nitride Trap Layers for Improved Z-Interference in 3D NAND Flash Memory

Yeeun Kim, Seul Ki Hong and Jong Kyung Park

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061020 - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

This paper presents an innovative approach to alleviate Z-interference in 3D NAND flash memory by proposing an optimized confined nitride trap layer structure. Z-interference poses a significant challenge in 3D NAND flash memory, especially with the reduction in cell spacing to accommodate an increased number of vertically stacked 3D NAND flash memories. While the confined nitride trap layer device designed for complete isolation of the trapping layer in three dimensions effectively reduces Z-interference, the results showed substantial variations based on the confined structure. To clarify this issue, we compared three distinct confined nitride trap layer structures and investigated their impact on Z-interference. Our findings indicate that the rectangle structure exhibited the most significant mitigation, implying that differences in the electric field applied to the poly silicon channel, which is influenced by the structure, and the increase in effective channel length are effective strategies for alleviating Z-interference. The proposed structure undergoes a comprehensive examination through technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. Additionally, we introduce a practical process flow designed to minimize Z-interference.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Semiconductor Devices)

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17 pages, 10836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

HAR-Net: An Hourglass Attention ResNet Network for Dangerous Driving Behavior Detection

Zhe Qu, Lizhen Cui and Xiaohui Yang

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061019 - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Ensuring safety while driving relies heavily on normal driving behavior, making the timely detection of dangerous driving patterns crucial. In this paper, an Hourglass Attention ResNet Network (HAR-Net) is proposed to detect dangerous driving behavior. Uniquely, we separately input optical flow data, RGB data, and RGBD data into the network for spatial–temporal fusion. In the spatial fusion part, we combine ResNet-50 and the hourglass network as the backbone of CenterNet. To improve the accuracy, we add the attention mechanism to the network and integrate center loss into the original Softmax loss. Additionally, a dangerous driving behavior dataset is constructed to evaluate the proposed model. Through ablation and comparative studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of each HAR-Net component. Notably, HAR-Net achieves a mean average precision of 98.84% on our dataset, surpassing other state-of-the-art networks for detecting distracted driving behaviors.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Perception in Autonomous Driving)

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1 pages, 134 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Wang, L.; Guan, C. Improving Security in the Internet of Vehicles: A Blockchain-Based Data Sharing Scheme. Electronics 2024, 13, 714

Lianhai Wang and Chenxi Guan

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061018 - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

In the original publication [...]

Full article

16 pages, 2782 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metaverse Solutions for Educational Evaluation

Lingling Zi and Xin Cong

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061017 - 08 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

This study aims to give a comprehensive overview of the application of the metaverse in educational evaluation. First, we characterize the metaverse and illustrate how it can support educational evaluation from the perspectives of virtual reality, augmented reality, and blockchain. Then, we outline the metaverse exploration framework and summarize its technical advantages. Based on this, we propose a metaverse-based implementation scheme to address the issues of reliability, accuracy, and credibility in educational evaluation. Finally, we show its implementation difficulties, performance evaluation, and future work. This proposed scheme opens up new research directions for the reform of educational evaluation while expanding the potential and reach of metaverse applications in education. We think that this study can help researchers in building an ecosystem for educational evaluation that is trustworthy, equitable, and legitimate.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Extended Reality)

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17 pages, 774 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trust Management Scheme of IoV Based on Dynamic Sharding Blockchain

Hongmu Han, Sheng Chen, Zhigang Xu, Xinhua Dong and Jing Zeng

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1016; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061016 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

With the rapid development of communication technologies, the demand for security and automation of driving has promoted the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The IoV aims to provide users with a safer, more comfortable, and more efficient driving experience. However, the current IoV also faces a series of potential security risks and privacy breaches, which has further propelled research on trust management for vehicular networks. The introduction of the blockchain has resolved the issue of data security in IoV trust management. However, the blockchain is limited by its own performance and scalability, making it unsuitable for large-scale networks. In order to enhance the transaction-processing efficiency of blockchain-based trust management solutions and address their scalability limitations, this paper presents a graph partition-based blockchain-sharding protocol. Simulation results on real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed scheme exhibits better scalability compared to existing blockchain-based approaches and can accommodate larger-scale device access.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Advances in Security, Privacy, and Trust)

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30 pages, 16108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Graphical Representation of UWF-ZeekData22 Using Memgraph

Sikha S. Bagui, Dustin Mink, Subhash C. Bagui, Dae Hyun Sung and Farooq Mahmud

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061015 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

This work uses Memgraph, an open-source graph data platform, to analyze, visualize, and apply graph machine learning techniques to detect cybersecurity attack tactics in a newly created Zeek Conn log dataset, UWF-ZeekData22, generated in The University of West Florida’s cyber simulation environment. The dataset is transformed to a representative graph, and the graph’s properties studied in this paper are PageRank, degree, bridge, weakly connected components, node and edge cardinality, and path length. Node classification is used to predict the connection between IP addresses and ports as a form of attack tactic or non-attack tactic in the MITRE framework, implemented using Memgraph’s graph neural networks. Multi-classification is performed using the attack tactics, and three different graph neural network models are compared. Using only three graph features, in-degree, out-degree, and PageRank, Memgraph’s GATJK model performs the best, with source node classification accuracy of 98.51% and destination node classification accuracy of 97.85%.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Graph-Based Data Mining)

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20 pages, 11011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Implementation of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Low-Voltage Battery Inverter for Residential Applications

Akekachai Pannawan, Tanakorn Kaewchum, Chayakarn Saeseiw, Piyadanai Pachanapan, Marko Hinkkanen and Sakda Somkun

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061014 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Integrating residential energy storage and solar photovoltaic power generation into low-voltage distribution networks is a pathway to energy self-sufficiency. This paper elaborates on designing and implementing a 3 kW single-phase grid-connected battery inverter to integrate a 51.2-V lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a 220 V 50 Hz grid. The prototyped inverter consists of an LCL-filtered voltage source converter (VSC) and a dual active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter, both operated at a switching frequency of 20 kHz. The VSC adopted a fast DC bus voltage control strategy with a unified current harmonic mitigation. Meanwhile, the DAB DC-DC converter employed a proportional-integral regulator to control the average battery current with a dynamic DC offset mitigation of the medium-frequency transformer’s currents embedded in the single-phase shift modulation scheme. The control schemes of the two converters were implemented on a 32-bit TMS320F280049C microcontroller in the same interrupt service routine. This work presents a synchronization technique between the switching signal generation of the two converters and the sampling of analog signals for the control system. The prototyped inverter had an efficiency better than 90% and a total harmonic distortion in the grid current smaller than 1.5% at the battery power of ±1.5 kW.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems and Technologies for Smart Homes and Smart Grids)

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58 pages, 14528 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Architectural Proposal for Low-Cost Brain–Computer Interfaces with ROS Systems for the Control of Robotic Arms in Autonomous Wheelchairs

Fernando Rivas, Jesús Enrique Sierra and Jose María Cámara

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061013 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Neurodegenerative diseases present significant challenges in terms of mobility and autonomy for patients. In the current context of technological advances, brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) emerge as a promising tool to improve the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we explore the feasibility of using low-cost commercial EEG headsets, such as Neurosky and Brainlink, for the control of robotic arms integrated into autonomous wheelchairs. These headbands, which offer attention and meditation values, have been adapted to provide intuitive control based on the eight EEG signal values read from Delta to Gamma (high and low/medium Gamma) collected from the users’ prefrontal area, using only two non-invasive electrodes. To ensure precise and adaptive control, we have incorporated a neural network that interprets these values in real time so that the response of the robotic arm matches the user’s intentions. The results suggest that this combination of BCIs, robotics, and machine learning techniques, such as neural networks, is not only technically feasible but also has the potential to radically transform the interaction of patients with neurodegenerative diseases with their environment.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Control and Computing in Advanced Robotics)

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17 pages, 4701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Feature Fusion and Graph Convolutional Network for Detecting Ethereum Phishing Scams

Zhen Chen, Jia Huang, Shengzheng Liu and Haixia Long

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061012 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

With the emergence of blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency market has experienced significant growth in recent years, simultaneously fostering environments conducive to cybercrimes such as phishing scams. Phishing scams on blockchain platforms like Ethereum have become a grave economic threat. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for effective detection mechanisms for these phishing activities to establish a secure financial transaction environment. However, existing methods typically utilize only the most recent transaction record when constructing features, resulting in the loss of vast amounts of transaction data and failing to adequately reflect the characteristics of nodes. Addressing this need, this study introduces a multiscale feature fusion approach integrated with a graph convolutional network model to detect phishing scams on Ethereum. A node basic feature set comprising 12 features is initially designed based on the Ethereum transaction dataset in the basic feature module. Subsequently, in the edge embedding representation module, all transaction times and amounts between two nodes are sorted, and a gate recurrent unit (GRU) neural network is employed to capture the temporal features within this transaction sequence, generating a fixed-length edge embedding representation from variable-length input. In the time trading feature module, attention weights are allocated to all embedding representations surrounding a node, aggregating the edge embedding representations and structural relationships into the node. Finally, combining basic and time trading features of the node, graph convolutional networks (GCNs), SAGEConv, and graph attention networks (GATs) are utilized to classify phishing nodes. The performance of these three graph convolution-based deep learning models is validated on a real Ethereum phishing scam dataset, demonstrating commendable efficiency. Among these, SAGEConv achieves an F1-score of 0.958, an AUC-ROC value of 0.956, and an AUC-PR value of 0.949, outperforming existing methods and baseline models.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Machine Learning Applications for Security, Privacy, and Reliability)

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12 pages, 5827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A 10.5 ppm/°C Modified Sub-1 V Bandgap in 28 nm CMOS Technology with Only Two Operating Points

Rajasekhar Nagulapalli, Nabil Yassine, Amr A. Tammam, Steve Barker and Khaled Hayatleh

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061011 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Reference voltage/current generation is essential to the Analog circuit design. There have been several ways to generate quality reference voltage using bandgap reference (BGR) and there are mainly two types: current mode and voltage mode. The current-mode bandgap reference (CBGR) is widely accepted in industry due to having an output voltage which is below 1 V. However, its drawbacks include a lack of proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current availability, a large silicon area, multiple operating points, and a large temperature coefficient (TC). In this paper, various operating points are explained in detail with diagrams. Similar to the conventional voltage mode bandgap reference (VBGR) circuits, modifications of the existing circuits with only two operating points have also been proposed. Moreover, the proposed BGR occupies a much smaller area due to eliminating the complimentary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current-generating resistor. A new self-biased opamp was introduced to operate from a 1.05 V supply, reducing systematic offset and TC of the BGR. The proposed solution has been implemented in 28 nm CMOS TSMC technology, and extraction simulations were performed to prove the robustness of the proposed circuit. The targeted mean BGR output is 500 mV, and across the industrial temperature range (−40 to 125 °C), the simulated TC is approximately 10.5 ppm/°C. The integrated output noise within the observable frequency band is 19.6 µV (rms). A 200-point Monte Carlo simulation displays a histogram with a 2.6 mV accuracy of 1.2% (±3-sigma). The proposed BGR circuit consumes 32.8 µW of power from a 1.05 V supply in a fast process and hot (125 °C) corner. It occupies a silicon area of 81 × 42 µm (including capacitors). This design can aim for use in biomedical and sensor applications.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Low-Voltage and Low-Power Integrated Circuits)

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33 pages, 11426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Disease Identification Using Machine Learning Algorithms on Single-Board Computers in IoT Environments

George Routis, Marios Michailidis and Ioanna Roussaki

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061010 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

This paper investigates the usage of machine learning (ML) algorithms on agricultural images with the aim of extracting information regarding the health of plants. More specifically, a custom convolutional neural network is trained on Google Colab using photos of healthy and unhealthy plants. The trained models are evaluated using various single-board computers (SBCs) that demonstrate different essential characteristics. Raspberry Pi 3 and Raspberry Pi 4 are the current mainstream SBCs that use their Central Processing Units (CPUs) for processing and are used for many applications for executing ML algorithms based on popular related libraries such as TensorFlow. NVIDIA Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) have a different rationale and base the execution of ML algorithms on a GPU that uses a different architecture than a CPU. GPUs can also implement high parallelization on the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) cores. Another current approach involves using a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) processing unit carried by the Google Coral Dev TPU Board, which is an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) specialized for accelerating ML algorithms such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) via the usage of TensorFlow Lite. This study experiments with all of the above-mentioned devices and executes custom CNN models with the aim of identifying plant diseases. In this respect, several evaluation metrics are used, including knowledge extraction time, CPU utilization, Random Access Memory (RAM) usage, swap memory, temperature, current milli Amperes (mA), voltage (Volts), and power consumption milli Watts (mW).

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) and IoT in the Primary Sector)

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13 pages, 2227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Black-Box Boundary Attack Based on Gradient Optimization

Yuli Yang, Zishuo Liu, Zhen Lei, Shuhong Wu and Yongle Chen

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061009 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Deep neural networks have gained extensive applications in computer vision, demonstrating significant success in fundamental research tasks such as image classification. However, the robustness of these networks faces severe challenges in the presence of adversarial attacks. In real-world scenarios, addressing hard-label attacks often requires the execution of tens of thousands of queries. To combat these challenges, the Black-Box Boundary Attack leveraging Gradient Optimization (GOBA) has been introduced. This method employs a binary search strategy to acquire an initial adversarial example with significant perturbation. The Monte Carlo algorithm is utilized to estimate the gradient of the sample, facilitating iterative movement along the estimated gradient and the direction of the malicious label. Moreover, query vectors positively correlated with the gradient are extracted to construct a sampling space with an optimal scale, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the Monte Carlo algorithm. Experimental evaluations were conducted using the HSJA, QEBA, and NLBA attack methodologies on the ImageNet, CelebA, and MNIST datasets, respectively. The results indicate that, under the constraint of 3 k query times, the GOBA, compared to other methods, can, on average, reduce perturbation (L2 distance) by 55.74% and simultaneously increase the attack success rate by an average of 13.78%.

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12 pages, 3875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Data Compression Method and FPGA Implementation in the Mars Rover Subsurface-Penetrating Radar on the Tianwen-1 Mission

Shaoxiang Shen, Xiaolei Hua and Bin Zhou

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061008 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Since Mars is far away from Earth, the propagation delay between Mars and Earth is very large. To ensure the effective use of the link transmission bandwidth, China’s first Mars exploration mission has put forward a demand for data compression for all scientific payloads. The on-board mature algorithms for data compression are mainly focused on optical images and microwave imaging radar applications. No articles have been published on data compression methods that are applied to subsurface-penetrating radar. Based on the background of this application, this paper proposes a logarithmic lossy compression algorithm which can meet the mission requirements for high compression ratios of 4:1 and 2.5:1. Its compression error is less than that of the block adaptive quantization (BAQ) algorithm. The algorithm is not only easy to implement on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platforms, but also offers simple ground decompression and fast imaging. The experimental results show that high compression ratios of 4:1 and 2.5:1 can be realized, even if the data in and between traces do not have a strong correlation. And its relative error is less than 2%, which is a new type of high-efficiency data compression method that can be implemented on-board to meet with the demand of subsurface penetrating radar.

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(This article belongs to the Topic Radar Signal and Data Processing with Applications)

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Open AccessArticle

An Efficient Checkpoint Strategy for Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Fault-Prone Nodes

Jeonghun Kim and Sunggu Lee

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1007; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061007 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning method in which client nodes train deep neural network models locally using their own training data and then send that trained model to a server, which then aggregates all of the trained models into a globally trained model. This protects personal information while enabling machine learning with vast amounts of data through parallel learning. Nodes that train local models are typically mobile or edge devices from which data can be easily obtained. These devices typically run on batteries and use wireless communication, which limits their power, making their computing performance and reliability significantly lower than that of high-performance computing servers. Therefore, training takes a long time, and if something goes wrong, the client may have to start training again from the beginning. If this happens frequently, the training of the global model may slow down and the final performance may deteriorate. In a general computing system, a checkpointing method can be used to solve this problem, but applying an existing checkpointing method to FL may result in excessive overheads. This paper proposes a new FL method for situations with many fault-prone nodes that efficiently utilizes checkpoints.

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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Circuit and Signal Processing)

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Open AccessArticle

CD-MAE: Contrastive Dual-Masked Autoencoder Pre-Training Model for PCB CT Image Element Segmentation

Baojie Song, Jian Chen, Shuhao Shi, Jie Yang, Chen Chen, Kai Qiao and Bin Yan

Electronics 2024, 13(6), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061006 - 07 Mar 2024

Abstract

[...] Read more.

Element detection is an important step in the process of the non-destructive testing of printed circuit boards (PCB) based on computed tomography (CT). Compared with the traditional manual detection method, the image semantic segmentation method based on deep learning greatly improves efficiency and accuracy. However, semantic segmentation models often require a large amount of data for supervised training to generalize better model performance. Unlike natural images, the PCB CT image annotation task is more time-consuming and laborious than the semantic segmentation task. In order to reduce the cost of labeling and improve the ability of the model to utilize unlabeled data, unsupervised pre-training is a very reasonable and necessary choice. The masked image reconstruction model represented by a masked autoencoder is pre-trained on the unlabeled data, learning a strong feature representation ability by recovering the masked image, and shows a good generalization ability in various downstream tasks. In the PCB CT image element segmentation task, considering the characteristics of the image, it is necessary to use a model with strong feature robustness in the pre-training stage to realize the representation learning on a large number of unlabeled PCB CT images. Based on the above purposes, we proposed a contrastive dual-masked autoencoder (CD-MAE) pre-training model, which can learn more robust feature representation on unlabeled PCB CT images. Our experiments show that the CD-MAE outperforms the baseline model and fully supervised models in the PCB CT element segmentation task.

Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications of Computer Vision in Electronics)

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electronics 在英语-中文（简体）词典中的翻译

electronicsnoun [ U ] uk

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/ˌel.ekˈtrɒn.ɪks/ us

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B2 the scientific study of electric current and the technology that uses it

电子学

a degree in electronics

电子学学位

the electronics industry

电子工业

更多范例减少例句In the electronics industry, for instance, 5000 jobs are being lost.Advances in electronics mean that the technology is already available.Cadmium is a toxic waste product of the electronics industry.The electronics division was split off into a freestanding company.The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating after 15 years of tremendous growth.

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electronics

Countries are facing this challenge in many different ways, but one common factor is the increasing reliance on electronics and systems.

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The cleaning and sterilization procedures to implement forward planetary protection will have a major impact on materials and electronics.

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These works are what is usually called interactive music, or live electronics is an older term.

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The technological development and the composers' creative imagination multiplied the possibilities of interaction between the instrumental and the electronics.

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They interact freely, creating a dialogue that is further amplified as the percussionist carries on his interaction with the live electronics.

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Both of these ideas are illustrated most strongly in her works for tape and/or live electronics.

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They are less than 10 per cent in electronics, mechanics, computer sciences and mechanical engineering.

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Each reed pod2 contains a collection of electronics for either the gathering of weather information or the reception and dispersion of sound.

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electrónica, electrónica [feminine]…

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ilmu elektronika…

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the number of years that someone lives or can expect to live in reasonably good health

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Electronics for beginners: A simple introduction

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Electronics

by Chris Woodford. Last updated: December 5, 2022.

They store your money. They monitor

your heartbeat. They carry the

sound of your voice into other people's homes. They bring airplanes

into land and guide cars safely to their destination—they even fire off

the airbags if we get into trouble. It's amazing to think just how many

things "they" actually do. "They" are electrons: tiny particles within atoms that march around defined paths known as

circuits carrying electrical energy. One of the greatest things people

learned to do in the 20th century was to use electrons to control

machines and process information. The electronics revolution, as this

is known, accelerated the computer

revolution and both these things have transformed many areas of our

lives. But how exactly do nanoscopically small particles, far too small

to see, achieve things that are so big and dramatic? Let's take a

closer look and find out!

Photo: The compact, electronic circuit board from a webcam.

This board contains several dozen separate electronic components, mostly small resistors and capacitors,

plus the large black microchip (bottom left) that does much of the work.

MDPI Electronics | 2021新增中国编委介绍—论文—科学网

生命科学 |

医学科学 |

化学科学 |

工程材料 |

信息科学 |

地球科学 |

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管理综合

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来源：Electronics 发布时间：2021/4/23 18:25:21

选择字号：小中

大

MDPI Electronics | 2021新增中国编委介绍

期刊链接：https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics

微信链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI1MzEzNjgxMQ==&mid=2649993688&idx=2&sn=

7f0edc41ac1f6f6c746ff428d7d3efc7&chksm=f1de0b1cc6a9820a879dcf1caa6098c338f1db3ea2f2e

f90cbcaa489b488c13f73534db52f2e&token=1684851637&lang=zh_CN#rd

作为MDPI出版发行的开放获取期刊之一，Electronics的稳步发展离不开行业内的各位学者的支持，尤其是我们的学术编委团队。相信有他们的支持，期刊可以持续发展，成为电子类期刊的翘楚。2021至今，已有20多位优秀中国学者加入了Electronics编委团队。同时，我们也期待今后更多学者的加入。

主编寄语

Prof. Dr. Flavio Canavero

Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Electronics是一本有关电子学及其应用科学的国际同行评审开放获取期刊。我们的目的是鼓励学者尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。被任命为本刊主编是我的荣幸，感谢MDPI的信任，让我有机会进一步为科学界提供服务。在我的任期内，我将继续确保期刊发文质量及范围精准性，同时保持快速发表的优势。Electronics编委团队拥有公平、严格的同行评审过程，以确保上述目标的实现。很荣幸2021年至今有以下优秀的中国编委加入Electronics编委团队，相信在他们的支持下期刊会发展的越来越好！

2021部分新增中国编委简介

刘健行教授

哈尔滨工业大学教授、博士生导师，国家优秀青年科学基金获得者，哈尔滨工业大学青年拔尖人才。研究方向主要为电力电子系统控制和智能控制理论及应用等。发表论文Google学术引用3000余次；10余篇论文入选ESI高被引论文和热点论文，一篇论文入选中国百篇最具影响国际学术论文，一篇论文获IFAC会议最佳论文。2019年、2020年均入选全球高被引学者。

章献民教授

浙大宁波理工学院副校长、博士生导师，现为浙江省电子学会副理事长。2005年入选教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划，2006年入选浙江省“新世纪151人才工程”重点资助培养人员。曾任浙江大学电子信息技术与系统研究所所长、信息与电子工程学系主任、信息科学与工程学院副院长、信息与电子工程学院院长、微电子学院院长、工程师学院副院长兼教学事务部部长等职。研究方向为微波光子学、射频信号处理。

江涛教授

IEEE Fellow，华中科技大学教授、博士生导师，是国家第六代移动通信技术研发总体专家组成员、享受国务院政府特殊津贴。长期从事于群体智能、多载波宽带通信、天地一体化信息网络等研究，所提出的校验级联极化码被正式采纳为5G标准。现已发表学术论文400余篇，其中IEEE期刊论文250余篇。

官科教授

北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室教授、博士生导师，德国洪堡基金会外国科学家研究基金、国际无线电科学联盟 (URSI) 青年科学家奖、教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖获得者。研究领域为5G、毫米波/太赫兹以及智能轨道交通电波传播与无线信道。官科博士以第一作者身份发表的关于毫米波高速移动信道建模的连载论文，获得IEEE VTS尼尔谢菲尔德最佳传播论文奖。

陈益凯教授

电子科技大学电子科学与工程学院教授、博士生导师，全国百篇优秀博士学位论文获得者、IEEE高级会员、四川省电子学会天线与微波专委会秘书长。研究领域是天线理论与技术，在IEEE Trans. AP、IEEE AWPL等期刊和学术会议上已发表学术论文170余篇，授权国家发明专利37项。先后15次担任国际学术会议技术委员会委员、分会组织者、分会主席等，10次获邀作国际会议特邀报告。

彭木根教授

北京邮电大学教授、博士生导师，教育部、中组部和国家自然科学基金委等国家高层次人才计划入选者，IEEE/IET Fellow。现任网络与交换技术国家重点实验室副主任，中国通信学会常务理事兼青工委主任，中国电子学会理事兼青年科学家俱乐部副主席，北京市科技人才研究会副理事长。主要从事无线和移动通信基础理论与关键技术研究，累计发表IEEE期刊论文100余篇，其中ESI高被引用论文20余篇，谷歌学术引用1万余次。

舒磊教授

南京农业大学/英国林肯大学教授、博士生导师，南农林肯智能工程研究中心主任。IEEE工业电子学会云计算与无线系统专委会主席，IEEE工业电子学会南京分会副主席，IEEE高级会员，CCF杰出会员。收录入Guide2Research发布的全球顶尖计算机科学家榜单，收录入斯坦福大学发布的全球Top 2%科学家榜单。主要研究兴趣包括：物联网、传感器网络、绿色计算、云雾计算、故障诊断、网络安全。

宋梁教授

加拿大国家工程院院士，复旦大学特聘教授、博士生导师。宋梁院士是移动通信网络及人工智能领域的国际知名科学家，上海产业技术研究院首席专家，兼任加拿大多伦多大学教授、全国侨联创新创业联盟理事等职务。近年研究通过智能终端数据感知、无线通信及智能处理之间的相互连接，形成智联网络全覆盖及5G智能健康城生态系统，成果正惠及全球智能手机用户，并引领全球5G-6G智联网络及系统的发展。

陈景东教授

陈景东教授长期从事语音信号处理、自适应信号处理、阵列及MIMO信号处理以及无线通信等领域的研究和开发工作，已出版英文专著13本，在IEEE Transactions on Audio等顶级期刊和国际会议上发表论文200余篇, 论文被引超1万余次，获授权／申请国际国内发明专利30余项。目前担任西工大智能声学与临境通信中心主任、陕西省人工智能联合实验室西工大实验室的主任、IEEE西安分会主席。

吴永乐教授

北京邮电大学教授、博士生导师。英国工程技术协会会士 (Fellow IET)。主要从事微波基础理论、射频芯片、高频天线、毫米波电路与系统等方面的研究，发表IEEE Trans.系列期刊论文40余篇，授权国家发明专利20余项。北京市杰出青年科学基金项目负责人、国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体项目核心骨干。曾获教育部高等学校自然科学奖二等奖、中国百篇最具影响国际学术论文”、“全国优秀博士学位论文”提名奖和教育部霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师奖等。

肖华锋教授

东南大学教授、博士生导师，入选江苏省“六大人才高峰”第十批高层次人才培养计划。为IEEE 高级会员，国内行业顶级期刊《中国电机工程学报》专题特约主编，担任IEEE P2800.1子工作组召集人、IEC SC8A WG7专家组成员。承担国家级、省部级科研项目6项，发表SCI论文20篇、出版学术专著2部。

张雷教授

北京理工大学特别副研究员、博士生导师，北京市科技新星。主要研究智能网联电动汽车整车及电池系统安全控制理论与技术。主持国家自然科学基金项目青年基金项目、工信部重点项目以及企业横向技术合作项目等多项，以第一或通讯作者发表高水平SCI论文30余篇。担任中国公路学报青年编委、机械工程学报客座编辑、中国自动化学会车辆控制与智能化专业委员会以及平行智能专业委员会委员。

邹亚杰副教授

同济大学副教授。主要研究方向是制定和开发创新的统计方法，使人们可以更好地理解高速公路运营的特征，并更好地进行高速公路开发。获得过2015年运输研究委员会青年研究奖和得克萨斯州A＆M大学的2008年系主任奖学金。

俞俊教授

杭州电子科技大学教授、博士生导师，国家优秀青年基金获得者，杭州电子科技大“复杂系统建模与仿真”教育部重点实验室主任。主要研究领域为计算机动画、多媒体分析、机器学习等。2015年被聘为浙江省高等学校“钱江学者”特聘教授，获浙江省杰出青年基金项目资助。近年来，发表学术论文70多篇，撰写英文专著一部，主持有国家自然基金、教育部新世纪优秀人才计划项目等。

Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292; IF：2.412) 是MDPI组织出版的国际性开放获取期刊之一，是一个主题涵盖电子科学与应用领域的开放获取期刊，致力于发表电子器件、微电子与计算机技术、光电子工程、通信工程、信号与信息处理、微波理论与技术、生物电子工程、能源电子及系统等领域的各类文章。Electronics 采取单盲同行评审，一审周期约为15.1天，文章从接收到发表仅需3.4天。

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